Road oil mixer



June 2, 1936. G. GARDNER 2,042,837

ROAD OIL MIXER Filed July '7, 1951 I5 Sheets-Sheet 1 .Fuhe 2, 1936. s. GARDNER ROAD OIL MIXE R Filed July '7, 193] 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 f/VVE/VT'UR.

Gear

0.7 7 e 7 I JWM TTUENE'YE.

.Fune 2, 31936. e. GARDNER 2,042,337

' ROAD OILMIXER Filed July 7, 1931 Sheets -Sheet 3' VfiMH/EF U a M) Patented .Fune ,2, i936 PATENT 18 Claims.

The manner and emciency of the mixture of road oil with sand and earth which is to be'laid and rolled to form a road bed is' an important factor in the construction and subsequent maintenance of these types of roads and runways. The usual practice is to spread a layer of sand or earth, sometimes forming a long windrow, this being sprayed with oil by a spraying machine, and then attempts have been made by H) implements similar to road scrapers and graders to mix the oil into a thorough incorporation with the sand and earth.

In the former practice the aggregate materials to be mixed have been spread longitudinallyof :5 the road surface and laterally the width of the road, shoulder or strip to be worked and sometimes the aggregate materials have been spread longitudinally of the road, shoulder, etc., in the form of a longitudinally extending pile or long 20 windrow. After the aggregates have received an application of road .oil, usually by spraying by the former practice, attempts have been made to secure a thorough mixture by Working the aggregate materials and road oil by road scrapers to form what is known in the art as mixed in place road or road surfacing. In

this former operation the grader or similar bladeshave been usually used to work the longitudinally and laterally spread layer oi aggregates and road oil into a long windrow and by following passes over the road breais down and distribute the materials in the windrow. These operations have been repeated and continued until the desired degree of min ng, that is incorporating the solid aggregates and the road oil have been obtained.

An object of my invention is the construction of a power driven mixer which may be moved over the aggregate material having the oil sprayed thereon to thoroughly incorporate and 49 mix the oil with the sand and earth.

A further object of my invention is to utilize the power means, such as may be derived from an internal combustion engine, to operate a mixing spool, this having teeth or tines projecting therefrom, these latter digging into and forcing their way through the sand, earth, and oil, at a much higher velocity than the forward movement of the carrier truck or vehicle and, in addition, a further object and feature of my inven- 50 tion is to rotate the spool with the tines so that the tines engaging and cutting into the layer of material will have a movement in a forward direction having the effect, partly, of throwing the material forward and then re-engaging said material' (Cl. 94-r-4d) A further object and feature of my invention is the construction of the spool and tines to carry the mixture over the top of the spool, depositinga certain proportion of it to the rear of the spool as well as by efiecting an intimate mix by having a large number of tines cutting throughthe material.

Another object and feature of my invention is in the mounting of the engine and the spool with the tines on acarrying truck which may be somewhat similar in framing to that used in certain types of road graders, such vehicle or truck being constructed to allow tilting, one side up and the other down, to accommodate the de-. vice to cambered roads, the spool being placed transversely to the carrier truck.

I In this mounting a further detailed feature of my invention is mounting the heavy engine whichdrives the spool in position to substantially counterbalance itself, which I find may be done effectively by placing the center of the engine substantially over the ball and socket king pin of the front wheels of the truck, such truck beingusually pulled by a tractor. This construction allows ready tilting of the frame of the truck without having to move the heavy weight of the driving engine, and as the engine and the spool are retained in their relative position in all conditions of tilting of the truck and the spool, a chain drive may be utilized without slackening or tightening the chain while in operation.

Another detailed feature of my invention relates to the manner of mounting the tines in the spool, such tines being formed of straight rods extending diametrically through openings or perforations in the spool and being secured therein by keys on the periphery of the spool extending through the tines; and on account of the tines being worn quickly I provide removable teeth at the opposite ends of the tines.

Other detailed features of improvement will appear from the description, drawings, and claims.-

My invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. i is a. side elevation taken in the direction of the arrow i of-F'lg. 3;

mg. 2 is an opposite side elevation taken in the direction of the arrow 2 of Fig. 3;

Fig. 3 is a vertical, transverse section on the line @---3 of Fig. l in the direction of the arrows except the portion through the spool in which the section is irregular to illustrate a helical arrangement of the tines;

Fig. 4 is a detailed transverse, longitudinal section on the line 4-4 of Fig. 3 in the direction of the arrows, showing the mounting of the tines; Fig. 5 is a. detailed transverse section on the line 5-5 of Fig. 4 in the direction of the arrows.

Referring first to the vehicle construction in which a truck or carrying vehicle is designated by the numeral II. This has a suitable horizontal frame l2 having heavy side bars it, these being illustrated as T-bars with the web vertical and the flanges horizontal and at the bottom of the T. These connect at the front to a front framing structure It, which has a king pin It connected by a ball and socket connection it to the subframe ll which is connected to the front axle it; the wheels It on this axle are steering wheels and the steering may be directed. by a pull one way or the other on a tongue to. This tongue may be connectible to a tractor or the like. At the rear end of the vehicle there is a rear frame 2i, this being illustrated as being mounted on the rear axle 22 which carries the rear wheels'tt, which wheels I find it convenient to mount with pneumatic tires. A sub-frame 26 is connected to the axle and has upright members 25, these being connected at the top by a top frame 2t. Upwardly extending posts 21 extend above the top frame 2t and are provided with openings 26. An operating platform 29 is secured to the sub-frame 2d, and forwardly extending braces to connect the posts 2i and the front framing members it.

The means for tilting the frame utilizes a. worm 35 on. a. stub shaft 52, this being joumiled in brackets on the posts 2'5. Each of these shafts may be operated by a hand wheel 33; e worm meshes with a worm wheel is which is mounted on a stub shaft 35 extending longitudinaliybf the machine and journaled in the upwardly exe tending posts 2i. Lever arms-fit are fixedly connected to the worm gears and have links M. at= tached thereto, which links connect to brackets 38 secured to the side frame members it). It will thus be seen that by operating one wheel in one direction and the other in the other direction that the links 3i may be moved and, hence, the frame It may be tilted at the rear of the machine, and at the front the ball and socket l5 accommodates this tilt.

The mixing device employs depending side columns 39 attached to the side frame bars it, each of which has a journal box to in which is journaled a spindle ii of a spool 32. One of these spools carries a sprocket wheel 53 keyed thereon,

the sprocket chain 44. A pressure idler 48 is connected by a pressure lever 49 to a bracket 50 on one of the side bars I3, and by means of a tension spring 5| exerts a constant tightening pressure on the sprocket chain. Side baflie plates 52 are attached to the columns 39 and at their forward upper edge are connected to a dependingbeam 53, such beam being attached to the frame bars Iii. A cross home plate 54 is attached underneath the side frame bars l3 and incline rearwardly, having a'diagonal brace 55- connecting from the arranged from end to end in helical rows through which extend tines 5'i,'these tines being secured by keys tt'driven through holes in the tines, the

keys fitting in keyways 59. The portions of the tines'which project beyond the spool are aligned in helices around the spool. Detachable teeth or shoes to are secured to the ends of the tines by bolts or rivets ti, these shoes having a socket 62 in which the end of the tines fit. It will, therefore, be seen that the tines themselves may be readily inserted and removed inthe spool and that the w shoes or teeth y be also readily fitted.

one or the features which causes a thorough g of the oil with the sand or dirt is due not merely to the tines moving so rapidly through the dirt having such a large number act on the dirt,

' but the particles of dirt with the oil are given a throw or kick in a iorward direction by having the tines on the" lower portion or the spool travel in a forward direction, and these are moving much more rapidly than the rate or progression of the vehicle. In addition to this forward throw or kick, a cert amount of the dirt and oil is given a circular motion and is carried from th a vehicle fre having load supporting wheels at the rear end, and supporting and steeringwheels at the front end with a pivotal connection to said front wheels, a motor mounted on the frame amve the pivotal connection of the front wheels, me at the rear of the frame to tilt said frame laterally, a spool depending from the frame and having a mixing means thereon, ancl a driving connection irom the motor to said spool.

2. A road oil mixer as clued in claim 1, said frame having side bars with side columns depending therefrom, said columns iorg the mounting for the sol.

3. A road oil mixer comp :2 1. g, in combination, a vehicle frame with wheel assemblies and ving side bars with a front framing structure connected thereto, a pivotal connection for the front struc ture, a pair of columns depending from the side bars, a spool extending transversely of the vehicle frame journaled in the lower end of the columns, a motor mounted on the forward frame substantially over the pivot with a drive connection from the motor to the spool, means at the rear end of the side bars to laterally tilt said bars and hence the motor, thedrive means, and the spool relative to the wheel assemblies.

4. A road oil mixer comprising, in combination,

a vehicle having rear and front wheels and means for moving said vehicle in a. forward direction, a

frame supported from the rear and front wheels and having a connection to the front wheels employing a king pin mounted to permit a lateral tilting action of the frame ina lateral direction,

means mounted adjacent therear-wheels for tilt-- ing such frame laterally, 9. depending structure from the frame having a spool rotatably mounted therein, such spool having tines extending substantially radially therefrom, an engine mounted on the frame with its center of gravity substantially centrally over the king pin, and a flexible driving connection from the engine to the spool.

5. A road oil mixer comprising, in combination, a vehicle having a rear and a front axle, each with wheels, an elevated frame with means connecting such frame to the rear and to the front axle, a connection to the front axle employing a king pinpermitting lateral tilting of the frame laterally and also swiveling of the axle, a traction device for pulling the vehicle connected to the front axle, means mounted adjacent the rear axle for tilting the frame laterally, a depending structure from the frame, a spoolrotatably mounted in such depending structure and having radially extending tines, the spool extending transversely of the frame, an engine mounted on the forward end of the frame with its center of gravity substantially centrally over the king pin, and a chain drive from the engine to thespool.

6. A road oil mixer comprising, in combination, a vehicle having rear and front axles with wheels,

, an operating platform connected to the rear axle,

an elevated frame having side bars, .a rear supporting structure extending upwardly from the platform and having a suspending mounting for the rear end with said bars, with a laterally tilting means for the bars operated from the platform, the forward end of the frame having a king pin with a swiveling connection to the front axle permitting lateral tilting of the frame as well as turning of the front axle, with a traction means connected to the front axle for towing the vehicle, a pair of side columns depending from the side bars, a spool having a spindle journaled in each of the columns, the spool being substantially transverse of the frame and having radially extending tines, an engine mounted on the forward end of the frame and having its center of gravity substantially centrally over the king pin, and a sprocket chain drive from the engine to the spool on one side of the frame.,

7. A road oil mixer comprising, in combination a vehicle, a rotatable shaft mounted thereon having mixing teeth extending outwardly substantially radially therefrom, means to progressively move the vehicle over a road surface, power means to rotate the shaft to forcibly bring the teeth into contact with a layer "of material on a road surface, the speed of rotation being greater than the rate of moving the vehicle whereby the particles of road material are forcibly dislodged from the road surface, and means to laterally tilt the power means and the shaft with the mixing teeth to move one end of the shaft up and the other down and vice versa.

8. A road oil mixer as claimed in claim 7, said tilting means being adapted to bodily raise or lower the shaft with the mixing teeth without a lateral tilting action and to move the power means when raising or lowering the shaft.

9. A road oil mixer comprising, in combination, a vehicle, means to move said vehicle progressively over a road surface, a rotatable shaft mounted on the vehicle and having a plurality of individual mixing teeth, a power means on the vehicle to rotate the shaft, said teeth being positioned to be brought forcibly into engagement with a layer of road material on a road surface, the rate of rotation being greater than the forward speed of the vehicle, and the teeth being adapted to forcibly dislodge the material of the layer from the road surface in a forward direction, the shaft being positioned relative to the vehicle, and the teeth being positioned on the shaft whereby the material may be shifted from one end of the shaft toward the opposite end, and means to raise and lower the opposite ends of the shaft to laterally tilt the same and simultaneously tilt the power means.

10. A road oil mixer as claimed in claim 9, the vehicle having means at the opposite ends of the shaft to confine the material being mixed, said confining means being connected to raise and lower with the opposite ends of the shaft.

11. A road oil mixer comprising, in combination, a vehicle adapted for progressive movement over a road surface, a rotatable cylindrical spool mounted on the vehicle and having a plurality of individual mixing teeth extending substantially radially from the spool, the individual teeth being positioned peripherally of the spool and from end to end of such spool, a power means on the vehicle to rotate the spool with the lower teeth engaging material and the road surface moving in the direction of the forward movement of the vehicle and at a much higher speed than the forward movement of such vehicle, confining plates secured to the vehicle at each end of the spool, a rear confining plate secured to the vehicle rear wardly of the spool, and means to raise and lower opposite ends of the spool together with the side plates and the rear plate to laterally tilt the spool, side and rear plate.

12. A road oil mixer comprising, in combination, a vehicle having wheels and a frame relatively fixed as regards the wheels, a secondary frame mounted on the vehicle frame for a lateral tilting movement, a spool suspended from the secondary frame and having a plurality of individual mixing teeth, the individual mixing teeth extending substantially radially therefrom and being positloned peripherally around the spool and from end to end of such spool, a power means mounted on the secondary frame and having a drive connection to the spool to rotate the lower teeth adapted to be brought into engagement with a layer of material on a road surface, said teeth moving in a forward direction at a higher speed than that of the forward movement of the vehicle, confining plates at the ends of the spool to confine material entering the spool, a confining plate rearwardly of the spool to guide material fiowing over the top of the spool, means to laterally tilt said secondary frame to incline the spool and the power means simultaneously and thereby maintain a constant length of the drive connection from the power means to the spool.

13. In a road oil mixer, a vehicle with front and rear wheel assemblies, a single pivot on one of said assemblies, a laterally tilting frame mounted at one portion on said pivot and at another portion on the other assembly, means on said latter assembly to tilt said frame, a rotatable spool having individual radially extending mixing teeth mounted on said frame, an engine on said frame, a drive connection from the engine to the spool, said engine, spool and driving connection being tiltable with said frame relative to said wheel assemblies.

14. In a road oil mixer, a vehicle with front and rear wheel assemblies, a single pivot on one of said assemblies, a raising, lowering and tilting means mounted on the other assembly, a frame mounted on said pivot and said raising, lowering and tilting means, a mixing means on said frame,

, tion, semblies,

tilt the latter, a rotatable spool depending from the upper frame having mixing tines thereon, a

motor mounted substantially over the pivot on the forward frame, and a drive connection from the motor to the spool. A

16. In the method of mixing road materials in which the solid aggregrates and a liquid binder to be mixed are spread in a layer on a road surface, and in which a mixing spool is moved progressively in a forward direction over the road surface in a movement of translation, comprising longitudinally cutting into and removing at least a part of the layer of material from the road surface and driving the aggregates in a loose agitated condition forwardly of the spool, further causing a portion of the loose aggregates to be again driven forward and developing a circular mixing action forward of the spool, then flowing the agitated aggregates rearwardly over the top of the spool and depositing on the road surface.

17. In the method of mixing road materials in which the solid aggregates and a liquid binder to be mixed are spread on the road surface, and in which a rotatable spool with individual mixing teeth spaced circumferentially and longitudinally on the spool one from another is moved progresslveiy in a forward direction over the road surface in a movement of translation and with the teeth engaging the material on the road surface moving rapidly in a forward direction at a much higher rateof'speed than that of the movement of tranlation of the spool, comprising longitudinally cutting into and removing at least a part of the layer of materials from the road surface and driving the aggregates in a loose agitated condition forward of the particles of the aggregate to be reengaged by the teeth and again driven forward of the spool developing a circularly moving mass of aggregates, finally flowing the loose agitated mass of aggregates rearwardly over the top of the spool and 15- depositing on the road surface.

18. A road oil mixer comprising in combination a vehicle having road wheel assemblies, a spool having a plurality of individual mixing teeth extending radially from the spool, means to 2 position the spool transversely of the direction of forward movement of the vehicle, means to rotate the spool with the lower teeth moving in a forward direction at high speed to drive particles of road aggregates in a forward direction, a con- 25 fining plate at each end of the spool to laterally confine the aggregates which have been driven forward and an upper and. rearward guide plate having its rear lower edge spaced above the road surface to guide road aggregates passing over 30 the spool and in their deposition on the road rearwardly of the spool, andmeans to raise, lower and laterally tilt the spool, confining plates and guide plates as a unit relative to the road wheel assemblies.

GEORGE GARDNER.

spool, further causing the 10 

